Final answer:
Multiprogramming requires a time-sharing operating system to manage multiple programs by allocating time slices, allowing for efficient CPU usage and simultaneous user interactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Multiprogramming requires an operating system to manage the running of multiple programs concurrently. The correct answer from the given options would be b) Time-sharing. In multiprogramming, the time-sharing operating system allocates time slices to each program or task, allowing multiple users to interact with programs simultaneously. This creates an environment where CPU resources are used efficiently, as the CPU can switch to another task while one task is waiting for I/O operations to complete.
Multiprogramming should not be confused with a) Batch processing, where tasks are executed one after another without interactive user involvement, c) Parallel processing, which involves performing many computations simultaneously, typically on a supercomputer or a network of computers, or d) Distributed computing, which spreads tasks across multiple physical and logical computation units, often over a network.