Question

According to the reading in section 3 of Chapter 21, which of the following statements are true?

a) The p-value is always less than 0.05 for a significant result
b) A larger sample size guarantees a more accurate result
c) The null hypothesis is always accepted in statistical analysis
d) The significance level determines the probability of a Type I error

Answer 1

The true statement is that the significance level determines the probability of a Type I error. The p-value must be less than the significance level to consider a result statistically significant.

Step-by-step explanation:

According to the reading in section 3 of Chapter 21, the statement that the p-value must be smaller than the significance level to reject the null hypothesis is true. Specifically, if the p-value is less than 0.05 (or 0.01 in some cases), there is statistically significant evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

This does not necessarily mean the result is automatically 'significant' if the p-value is less than 0.05, nor does it indicate the accuracy of the result solely based on sample size. The correct answer is d) The significance level determines the probability of a Type I error, which is the error of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.