Final answer:
Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder resulting from a mutation affecting hemoglobin production and causing symptoms like anemia, so the correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by a genetic mutation affecting the synthesis of the hemoglobin molecule, leading to anemia and reduced oxygen delivery (oxygen transport) to body tissues. Specifically, Mrs. R's condition, likely ß-thalassemia, involves a mutation in the beta-globin gene.
This mutation leads to decreased synthesis of the ß-chain of globin, resulting in the formation of abnormal hemoglobin and, subsequently, an impaired ability of red blood cells (RBCs) to carry oxygen efficiently.
Due to this defect, Mrs. R may exhibit signs of hypoxia and show symptoms such as fatigue and weakness. Her blood analysis may reveal low hemoglobin levels, hypochromic microcytic anemia, and an increased red cell count but with reduced functionality.
The connection between thalassemia, blood clotting mechanisms, and thrombocytes (platelets) is less direct but can be associated with the increased destruction of erythrocytes leading to high bilirubin levels and potential complications like anemia and jaundice.
Furthermore, the demand for increased RBC production to compensate for their reduced lifespan may lead to other hematological anomalies detected in blood analysis.
So the correct option is b.