Final answer:
Theory X and Theory Y management styles were studied by Douglas McGregor. Theory X assumes employees dislike work and prefer to be controlled, while Theory Y assumes employees seek fulfillment from work and can be self-directed.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Theory X and Theory Y management styles are the result of studies by Douglas McGregor.
Theory X managers assume that most people dislike work and prefer to be led and controlled by their supervisors.
Theory Y managers, on the other hand, believe that people seek inner satisfaction from their work and can be self-directed. They encourage employee participation in decision-making and value their input.