Final answer:
The Simple organizational structure is associated with a lack of formal division of labor, contrary to bureaucracies which have a clear division of labor and defined roles. Simple structures are more flexible and adapt to various tasks, unlike bureaucratic structures that follow strict rules and roles.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Organizational Structures
The question alludes to a type of organizational structure that does not rely on a formal system of division of labor. Among the given options (a Matrix, b Functional, c Multidivisional, and d Simple), the Simple structure is typically associated with a lack of formality in the division of labor. In a Simple organizational structure, there is often a flexible, flat hierarchy, and roles might not be strictly defined, allowing employees to wear multiple hats and adapt to various tasks as needed. This contrasts with bureaucracies, which have a clear division of labor, where each individual has specialized tasks to perform.
Organizations are increasingly adopting flat structures, promoting more collegial relationships and teamwork, rather than adhering strictly to a traditional hierarchy. This approach can sometimes lead to more efficient responses to situations that fall outside typical role definitions, such as in the restaurant example where a hostess might step in to help deliver food when the kitchen is backed up, even though it's not in her usual job description.
Regarding bureaucracies, the characteristic that is not a part of them according to the given options is a. Coercion to join. Bureaucracies are defined by a hierarchy of authority, explicit rules, and a division of labor, not by coercing individuals to join.