Final answer:
Implied consent is inferred when a patient voluntarily submits to treatment, differing from informed consent, which must be explicit and fully informed. IRBs require informed consent forms to ensure participant awareness and data confidentiality. Coercion is to be avoided as it undermines autonomy and informed decision-making.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of permission that is inferred when a patient voluntarily submits to treatment without a detailed discussion of the procedure, but with an understanding that treatment is needed, is known as implied consent. Implied consent contrasts with informed consent, which is a formal process of informing a research participant or patient about what to expect during a medical procedure or experiment, the associated risks, and the implications of the research, followed by obtaining the person's explicit consent to participate. It's essential that all risks and benefits are clearly outlined and study participants are adequately informed to give appropriate consent. For certain populations, such as children, parents can provide consent on behalf of their children due to children's inability to consent for themselves. Furthermore, it is crucial to avoid coercion in the process of obtaining consent, as it undermines a person's autonomy by impacting their ability to make an informed decision. Institutions' Institutional Review Boards (IRB) require informed consent forms to ensure participants are fully aware of their involvement and that their data will be treated confidentially.