Final answer:
The question pertains to the concept of 'moment of inertia,' a form of rotational inertia which describes an object's resistance to rotational acceleration. The correct answer is (d) Inertia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question refers to moment of inertia, which is a physical property of an object that quantifies the amount of resistance an object has to rotational acceleration about an axis. This question is grounded in physics, specifically in the area of rotational dynamics.
The correct answer to the question 'Disk-like or rod-like based on principle inertia describes:' is (d) Inertia. Moment of inertia is a measurement that reflects how mass is distributed relative to an axis of rotation, affecting how much torque is needed for a certain angular acceleration (net τ = Ia, where I is moment of inertia and a is angular acceleration).
The moment of inertia for a hoop is MR², with M being the mass and R the radius. For a rod or disk, the moment of inertia is more complicated and often requires the use of the parallel-axis theorem. In summary, inertia describes an object's resistance to changes to its motion, which applies to both translational and rotational motion.