Final answer:
a) When sickle-cell disease strikes, the circulatory system struggles to transport oxygen to the body.
b) Sickle-cell disease has a substantial effect on the circulatory system, mainly because red blood cells have a different form.
c) Sickle-cell disease releases haemoglobin, induces chronic hemolysis, and compromises endothelial function, all of which have an impact on the physiology of the circulatory system.
d) Sickle-cell disease, characterized by chronic hemolysis, reduced blood flow, and increased clotting risk, can cause recurring discomfort and potentially cause organ damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
a) The circulatory system responds to sickle-cell disease by grappling with compromised oxygen delivery. The abnormal sickle-shaped red blood cells struggle to navigate blood vessels, leading to vaso-occlusive events. This diminishes blood flow, resulting in tissue ischemia and heightening the risk of organ damage.
b) Sickle-cell disease significantly impacts the circulatory system, primarily due to the altered shape of red blood cells. This results in vaso-occlusive events, reducing blood flow and increasing the risk of tissue ischemia and organ damage.
c) Sickle-cell disease affects the physiology of the circulatory system by inducing chronic hemolysis, releasing hemoglobin and causing endothelial dysfunction. The increased viscosity of sickled cells further heightens the risk of clot formation, disrupting normal blood flow.
d) In sickle-cell disease, the circulatory system undergoes changes involving chronic hemolysis, altered blood flow, and increased clotting risk, contributing to recurrent pain episodes and potential organ damage.