Final answer:
The developments during the Middle Ages and Renaissance that contributed to the scientific revolution of the 17th century were the rediscovery of classical texts, the contributions made by Muslim scholars, and the rise of city-states.
Step-by-step explanation:
The developments during the Middle Ages and Renaissance that contributed to the scientific revolution of the 17th century were the rediscovery of classical texts, the contributions made by Muslim scholars, and the rise of city-states.
The rediscovery of classical texts, such as those from ancient Greece and Rome, provided scholars with knowledge about mathematics, medicine, and astronomy. This knowledge, along with the intellectual tools developed by Persian and Indian scholars, allowed for the development of novel theories about the cosmos and planetary motion.
The contributions of Muslim scholars, such as Al-Khwarizmi and Ibn Sina, preserved and expanded on classical knowledge and culture. They introduced advanced mathematical concepts, like the decimal number system, to Europe, which would later become crucial for scientific advancements.
The rise of city-states, especially in Italy, led to a cultural revolution and the dominance of humanistic learning. This shift in thinking and emphasis on individualism laid the foundation for the scientific revolution by encouraging critical exploration and the questioning of traditional structures and beliefs.