Final answer:
Carol Gilligan argued that men have a morality of justice and women have a morality of care, countering Lawrence Kohlberg's male-centric theory. She highlighted that both moral perspectives are different but neither is superior.
Step-by-step explanation:
Carol Gilligan critiqued Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development by arguing that men have a morality of justice while women have a morality of care. Gilligan recognized that Kohlberg's work, which only included male subjects, suggested a possible gender bias. In her research, she noted that boys and men typically emphasize rules and laws— a justice perspective, while girls and women are more concerned with caring for others and the nuances of relationships—a care perspective.
Gilligan's theory further illustrates how each gender is socialized differently, with boys gearing towards the work environment where rules are paramount and girls towards a home environment that values interpersonal relationships. She explains that neither perspective is superior to the other, but that each serves different purposes in development.
Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is: a. justice; care.