Final answer:
Tycho Brahe proved that comets were not atmospheric phenomena but true celestial objects by measuring the comet of 1577 and showing it was further than the moon, thus showing that the heavens do change.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tycho Brahe significantly contributed to the understanding of the heavens by proving that the comet of 1577 was much further away than the Moon, thus demonstrating that the heavens do change and that comets are true celestial objects. Brahe's contribution laid the groundwork for the eventual refutation of the Aristotelian belief that celestial spheres were unchanging. His work, along with that of his protege Johannes Kepler, refuted the Aristotelian and Ptolemaic models of the heavens, which postulated immutable celestial spheres.
Over the course of nearly two decades, Brahe extensively measured the positions of celestial objects with great precision at his observatory on the island of Hven. His dedication to accurate data collection provided the essential foundation needed for Kepler to later articulate the laws of planetary motion, which helped to solidify the heliocentric model of the solar system initiated by Copernicus.