Final answer:
The number of monochlorinated products obtained under photolytic conditions can be determined by identifying the distinct sets of equivalent hydrogen atoms in an organic molecule and accounting for each unique monochlorinated product that forms when each set is replaced by chlorine.
Step-by-step explanation:
To count how many monochlorinated products are obtained under photolytic conditions, one needs to consider the structure of the organic molecule that is reacting with chlorine. This is a problem of organic chemistry and specifically deals with halogenation reactions. Under photolytic conditions, a radical halogenation reaction occurs, and the number of distinct monochlorinated products depends on the number of different types of hydrogen atoms present in the molecule. Each unique set of equivalent hydrogen atoms gives rise to a different monochlorinated product when replaced by chlorine.
The steps involved in determining the number of monochlorinated products are:
- Identify all the distinct sets of hydrogen atoms in the molecule (i.e., hydrogen atoms that are in different chemical environments).
- For each set of equivalent hydrogen atoms, determine the product formed when a chlorine atom replaces one hydrogen atom.
- Count the number of unique monochlorinated products formed, which corresponds to the number of different sets of equivalent hydrogen atoms identified in the first step.
The answer choices provided do not explicitly cover the concept needed to solve the problem, which is an understanding of structural isomerism and radical halogenation. Therefore, none of the options A) Avogadro's Law, B) Le Chatelier's Principle, C) Mass Spectrometry, or D) Reaction Quotient directly apply to the method of counting monochlorinated products.