Final answer:
An integral using reduction formulas in mathematics, predominantly in the field of calculus and its application to physics concepts like electric fields and flux.
Step-by-step explanation:
Integration, which falls under the subject of Mathematics, specifically at the College level. It involves the application of reduction formulas to solve a particular integral. Solving integrals is an essential part of calculus, and reduction formulas are a tool that can be used to simplify certain kinds of integrals into more manageable forms.
The processes of calculating integrals, determining limits of integration, and evaluating expressions in scientific notation are fundamental skills in advanced mathematics courses, including college-level calculus and physics. Examples provided seem to involve applications in electric fields and flux, which are topics commonly found in college-level physics.