Final answer:
The gravitational force that the Sun exerts on the Earth is equal in magnitude to the force that the Earth exerts on the Sun, so the correct answer is c) F1 is equal to F2.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question you've asked is about the magnitude of the gravitational force between the Earth and the Sun. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the force exerted by two objects on each other due to gravity is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. Moreover, Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
This means that the gravitational force (F) that the Sun exerts on the Earth is equal in magnitude to the force that the Earth exerts on the Sun. Therefore, the correct answer to your question is c) F1 is equal to F2.
The gravitational constant, G, is a universal constant and has been experimentally found to be G = 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg². This constant is used in the calculation of gravitational forces in the formula F = G(m1·m2/r²), where m1 and m2 are the masses of the objects and r is the distance between their centers.