Final answer:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is the correct answer as it is a connection-oriented protocol with mechanisms for detecting congestion, ensuring reliable data transmission.
Step-by-step explanation:
The protocol in question that is a connection-oriented protocol with mechanisms to detect congestion by analyzing round-trip time and packet drop rates is TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). Unlike UDP (User Datagram Protocol), which is connectionless and does not provide reliability, TCP ensures data delivery through a three-way handshake, error-checking, and control mechanisms. Congestion control in TCP involves algorithms like slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and fast recovery. IP (Internet Protocol) is responsible for addressing and routing packets across networks but does not handle reliable transmission. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for sending error messages and operational information but is not responsible for data transmission.