Final answer:
During heart surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass is used to divert blood from the heart and lungs, with the heart-lung machine taking over these functions. Coronary bypass surgery involves grafting a vessel to bypass an occluded artery. Lifestyle changes, along with medication, also play a critical role in post-surgical cardiovascular health.
Step-by-step explanation:
A method used to divert blood away from the heart and lungs during surgery is the use of a heart-lung machine, which enables what is called cardiopulmonary bypass. The machine takes over the functions of the heart and lungs, ensuring the circulation of blood and the oxygenation of the body's tissues. In coronary bypass surgery, a graft is used to create an alternate pathway for blood flow, effectively bypassing a blocked coronary artery. For example, the coronary bypass graft can redirect blood flow around a narrowed section of the coronary artery to improve blood flow to the heart muscle. This surgical procedure is essential during operations such as a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The CABG assists in treating patients who have experienced a myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack.
While cardiopulmonary bypass is crucial for various heart surgeries, long-term lifestyle changes (including diet and exercise), along with medication tailored to lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and reduce clotting, are equally important for cardiovascular health. These lifestyle modifications, combined with medical treatments, can be just as effective as surgery in certain cases, particularly for patients with stable cardiac function.