Final answer:
After a dilation of line g by a scale factor of 2 from the origin, point E moves to E' (-4, 0) and F moves to F' (0, 2), with line g' remaining parallel to line g.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a line is dilated by a scale factor from the origin, each point on the line is moved away from the origin by that scale factor. If the original points are E(-2, 0) and F(0, 1), after a dilation by a scale factor of 2, the new locations for E' and F' would be twice the distance from the origin. Therefore, E' would be at (-4, 0) and F' at (0, 2), given that we double both the x and y coordinates for each point respectively.
As for how lines g and g' are related, it's important to note that when a line is dilated from the origin, the new line g' remains parallel to the original line g. This is because all points are consistently scaled from the origin, preserving the slope and therefore the parallel relationship.