Final answer:
a) Glucose is classified as an Aldohexose.
b) Fructose as a Ketohexose.
c) Ribose as an A-l-d-o-p-e-n-t-o-s-e.
d) Galactose as an Aldohexose.
Step-by-step explanation:
Monosaccharides can be classified based on their carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms they contain. An aldose monosaccharide contains an aldehyde group, and a ketose monosaccharide contains a ketone group. Furthermore, the number of carbon atoms will determine if it is a triose (three carbons), tetrose (four carbons), pentose (five carbons), or hexose (six carbons).
The monosaccharide names for the molecules you provided would be as follows
a) Glucose - Aldohexose: An aldose containing six carbon atoms.
b) Fructose - Ketohexose: A ketose also with six carbon atoms.
c) Ribose - A-l-d-o-p-e-n-t-o-s-e: An aldose containing five carbon atoms.
d) Galactose - Aldohexose: Another aldose with a structure similar to glucose, containing six carbon atoms.
These names reflect both the type of carbonyl group present (aldehyde or ketone) and the number of carbon atoms in the monosaccharide.