Final answer:
The Chemistry question pertains to calorimetry, where calculations involve the mass of evaporated water and the heat exchange in scenarios involving water. It applies principles of specific heat and heat capacity to determine energy changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question is Chemistry, and it is focused on calorimetry, which is the science of measuring the heat changes that occur during chemical reactions and physical changes of state. Specifically, this question involves calculating the mass of evaporated water and determining the heat or energy exchange during various scenarios involving water and other materials, by applying concepts like specific heat and heat capacity.
One part of the question states: "A student adds an eight-fluid ounce of water to a beaker and determines the mass of the water and the beaker to be 350 grams. He heats the beaker until the water evaporates. He weighs the beaker again and records a mass of 150 grams." Here, we are essentially looking at the initial mass of the water and the beaker, and the final mass after evaporation, from which the mass of evaporated water can be calculated. The temperature change mentioned is not provided but is relevant in understanding the heat absorbed during the evaporation process.
Another part addresses the contribution of a beaker's material and its specific heat to the calorimetry results. Similarly, for the questions regarding bottles of water cooling in a fridge, the correct answer refers to the heat loss which is directly proportional to the mass of the water: the 2-L bottle loses more heat because it contains a greater quantity of water.