Final answer:
On Android devices, 'rooted Android' refers to the state of a device where the user has obtained privileged control to install any app or modify the system. The correct answer is c.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ability to install applications from any source on an Android device is commonly referred to as having a rooted Android system. Rooting is the process of obtaining privileged control (known as root access) over the various Android subsystems. As opposed to a jailbroken smartphone which typically refers to Apple iOS devices, rooted specifically applies to Android.
It allows users to overcome limitations put in place by carriers and hardware manufacturers, which may block the installation of certain apps or accessing specific features. Rooting is different from having an open-source Android, which relates to the accessibility of the device's source code, or an unlocked Android, which typically means the device can be used with any carrier. Hence the correct option is c.