Final answer:
Legitimate power is the critical variable that applies to both agitators and establishments when predicting outcomes during instances of agitation and control. It is essential for mobilization of support, enforcement of rules, and the effectiveness of collective behavior and social control strategies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The critical variable that applies to both agitators and an establishment when predicting outcomes during instances of agitation and control is c) Legitimate power. Legitimate power reflects the accepted authority that a group or institution has over its members or those it seeks to influence. It determines the extent to which directives and policies can be enforced and is essential in both mobilizing support for a cause and implementing social control.
Agitators, like social movements or interest groups, need legitimate power to effectively mobilize action and persuade potential supporters. Similarly, establishments, such as governments or powerful organizations, require legitimate power to maintain order and enforce rules. Without it, efforts to control or influence outcomes during collective behavior episodes, as discussed by Neil J. Smelser in his theory of collective behavior, would likely fail.
The conditions that influence informational social influence, such as the clarity of the answer and the group's expertise, are separate factors that can impact how individuals in groups make decisions and are swayed by the majority or authorities.