Final answer:
The permanent change of behavior due to learning is known as the characteristics of learning, which includes various methods such as conditioning and observational learning, with cognitive learning being the most complex type.
Step-by-step explanation:
Learning is modification and permanent change of behavior which is also known as characteristics of learning. The process through which learning occurs includes conditioning, play, observational learning, and more complex types like cognitive learning. For instance, when drivers adapt their driving habits to wet or icy conditions, they are exhibiting a change in learned behavior, underlining the flexibility and adaptability of such behaviors to environmental changes. Cognitive learning is a sophisticated type of learning involving several brain processes, enabling individuals to adapt to different stimuli, whether positive or negative.