1. Structural Functionalism:
Structural functionalism views gender in terms of the roles and functions it plays within the structure of society. It emphasizes the idea that gender roles are functional for the stability and functioning of society. In this paradigm, there is often an emphasis on traditional gender roles, where men and women have specific functions that contribute to the overall stability of the social system.
2. Conflict Theory:
Conflict theory sees gender as a source of social conflict and inequality. It emphasizes the power dynamics between genders, with a focus on how societal structures and institutions contribute to the oppression of certain groups, particularly women. Conflict theorists argue that gender roles are not natural but are socially constructed to maintain power imbalances, with women often being marginalized and disadvantaged.
3. Symbolic Interactionism:
Symbolic interactionism looks at how gender is constructed and maintained through everyday interactions and symbols. It focuses on the micro-level interactions between individuals and how they interpret and reinforce gender roles through symbols, language, and gestures. This perspective is interested in understanding how individuals experience and negotiate their gender identity in social interactions, emphasizing the fluid and socially constructed nature of gender.