Final answer:
The correct answer is a) Syntax, semantics. Syntax is the set of characters and their arrangements in programming, while semantics pertains to the meaning of those character sequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the given question is a) Syntax, semantics. Syntax refers to the set of characters and the acceptable sequences (arrangements) of those characters within a programming language. In other words, it is the manner by which words (or in this case, characters and programming constructs) are organized into sentences or instructions for the computer program. On the other hand, semantics refers to the meaning associated with each correct sequence of characters. This is similar to how we derive meaning from morphemes and words in spoken language. Semantics in programming is about understanding the implications and the behavior invoked by the program's code upon execution.