Answer:
After 4.5 seconds under the influence of a gravitational acceleration of 10 m/s², a stone thrown at 25 degrees above the horizontal will be 101.25 m below the straight-line path it would have followed without gravity.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine how far below a straight-line path a stone thrown at 25 degrees above the horizontal will be after 4.5 seconds due to gravity, we need to calculate the vertical displacement caused by the gravitational acceleration. The stone is subject to a constant gravitational acceleration of 10 m/s2, which acts downward.
Using the kinematic equation for vertical motion s = ut + ½at2, where s is the vertical displacement, u is the initial vertical velocity (which is 0 in this case since the initial motion is horizontal), a is the acceleration due to gravity, and t is the time, we can calculate the displacement:
s = 0 · 4.5 + ½ · 10 · (4.5)2
s = 0 + 5 · 20.25
s = 101.25 m
Therefore, after 4.5 seconds, the stone is 101.25 m below the straight-line path that it would have followed if there was no gravity.