Final answer:
Scientists can determine the types of pigments present in a photosynthetic organism using a spectrophotometer to generate absorption spectra. Paper chromatography is also commonly used to separate pigments based on their solubility and affinity to solid and mobile phases.
Step-by-step explanation:
When studying a photosynthetic organism, scientists can determine the types of pigments present by generating absorption spectra using a spectrophotometer. This instrument differentiates the wavelengths of light that a substance can absorb. By extracting pigments from leaves and placing them into a spectrophotometer, scientists can identify the specific wavelengths of light an organism can absorb.
In addition, various types of chromatography can be used to identify plant pigments. Paper chromatography is commonly used to separate pigments based on their relative affinities to solid and mobile phases. The separation is achieved by the differential movement of solutes through the paper, revealing different pigments as distinct bands.
Therefore, paper chromatography is the technique that separates photosynthetic pigments based on their solubility and affinity to solid and mobile phases.