Final answer:
The correct description of the donor and acceptor in a Lewis acid-base reaction is that the donor loses electrons and the acceptor gains electrons, corresponding to option A. This electron pair donation from the donor to the acceptor forms a covalent bond.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Lewis concept of acids and bases defines a donor as a substance that donates a pair of electrons and an acceptor as a substance that accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. In the context of the Lewis concept, the correct description of the donor and acceptor process for the forward reaction is:
- Donor: loses electrons
- Acceptor: gains electrons
This corresponds to option A) Donor: loses electrons, Acceptor: gains electrons. Nonetheless, it is important to clarify that in a Lewis acid-base reaction, the donor provides a pair of electrons while the acceptor species has a vacant orbital that accepts the electron pair. Therefore, in these reactions, the electron pair remains with the donor species, which is different from oxidation-reduction reactions where actual transfer of electrons takes place.