Final answer:
The ideals of the Enlightenment challenged the belief in divine right and advocated for popular sovereignty and individual rights, leading to the overthrow of absolute monarchies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ideals of the Enlightenment changed attitudes toward absolute monarchy by questioning the traditional belief in divine right and advocating for government based on popular sovereignty and a social contract between rulers and people. Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau emphasized individual rights and the idea that government should protect those rights. These new ideas influenced the French Revolution and other movements for political democratization, leading to the overthrow of absolute monarchies and the establishment of constitutional governments.