Final answer:
Hydroelectric energy generates electricity by converting gravitational potential energy of water into kinetic energy as it flows through a turbine, which then spins a generator to produce an electric current.
Step-by-step explanation:
To generate electricity using hydroelectric energy, we utilize the transformation of energy from one form to another. Initially, water stored behind a dam holds a large amount of gravitational potential energy because of its elevated position. When this water is released, it falls or flows down, converting its potential energy into kinetic energy as it moves. This kinetic energy is transferred to the blades of a turbine, causing them to spin.
The rotating turbine shaft turns an electric generator, which operates on the principle of electromagnetism. As the shaft turns, it moves magnets in relation to coils of wire within the generator, which induces an electrical current through the process of energy transformation and energy transfer. The electricity produced is then transmitted to your house and into the electric grid, providing a reliable source of power.