Final answer:
Linux is an open source operating system developed by programmers based on a procedural language. It gained popularity due to its free distribution and easy configurability. Linux is used in various systems, including embedded systems, file servers, internet routers, and supercomputers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The open source operating system that programmers developed based on a procedural language is Linux.
Linux was created by Finnish graduate student Linus Torvalds in 1991, as a cost-effective alternative to UNIX.
It gained popularity among hackers due to its free distribution and easy configurability.
Linux is used in a variety of systems, including embedded systems, file servers, internet routers, and even supercomputers.