Final answer:
Interventionism involves active interference or intervention by a government in another country's affairs, while isolationism is a policy of staying apart from other countries' affairs. Gallup polls measure public opinion on these policies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Interventionism refers to a policy or practice involving the active interference or intervention of a government or external force in the affairs of another country. It typically involves military, economic, or political intervention to achieve specific goals or protect national interests. An example of interventionism is the United States' involvement in foreign conflicts, such as the Vietnam War or the Iraq War. Isolationism refers to a policy or practice of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other countries. It is characterized by a desire to avoid foreign entanglements and focus on domestic issues. Isolationist countries prioritize national self-sufficiency and limit their involvement in international affairs. An example of isolationism is the United States' policy of neutrality during the early years of World War II. The Gallup polls mentioned in the question are likely used to gauge public opinion on these policies. These polls measure the attitudes and beliefs of the general population regarding interventionism and isolationism, and can provide insights into the level of support or opposition to these approaches. Through these polls, policymakers can assess the potential impact of these policies on public opinion and make informed decisions.