Final answer:
The rise of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican Parties during George Washington's presidency was due to contrasting views on the role of federal government, economic strategies, and foreign policy, with Federalists advocating a strong central government and Democratic-Republicans promoting limited government power.
Step-by-step explanation:
A major reason for the rise of the Federalist and the Democratic-Republican Parties during George Washington's presidency was their differing visions regarding the power and role of the federal government. The Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, believed in a strong central government and sought to use federal power to stabilize the national economy. In contrast, the Democratic-Republicans, influenced by Thomas Jefferson, opposed Hamilton's financial plans, advocating for a limited central government and fearing excessive power could lead to corruption and the trampling of individual rights. The emergence of these political factions was also driven by differing perspectives on foreign policy and economic strategies. The Federalists favored closer ties with Great Britain, while Democratic-Republicans were more sympathetic to the French Revolution and feared that Federalist policies leaned too much towards a monarchical system. Domestic issues, such as reactions to the Whiskey Rebellion, further emphasized the divisions, with Federalists demonstrating a strong hand against insurgency, thereby upsetting those who believed in more democratic and decentralized governance.