Question

In a randomized controlled trial in Kenya, insecticide-treated bed nets were tested as a way to reduce malaria. Among 343 infants who used the bed nets, 15 developed malaria. Among 294 infants not using bed nets, 27 developed malaria. Use the P-value Method.

Answer 1

The P-value is calculated to determine if there is a significant difference in the proportion of infants who developed malaria between those who used bed nets and those who did not. The calculated P-value is 0.0022, and since it is less than the 1 percent level of significance, the null hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that using bed nets reduces the risk of malaria in infants.

Step-by-step explanation:

The P-value is the probability of obtaining a statistic as extreme as the one observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true. In this case, the null hypothesis is that there is no difference in the proportion of infants who developed malaria between those who used bed nets and those who did not.

To calculate the P-value, we can use a two-sample proportion test. We compare the observed proportions in the two groups to determine if the difference is statistically significant.

Using the given data, we can calculate the test statistic and find that the P-value is 0.0022. At a 1 percent level of significance, since the P-value is less than 0.01, we reject the null hypothesis. This means that there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportion of infants who developed malaria is lower among those who used bed nets compared to those who did not use bed nets.