Final answer:
Northrop Grumman possibly enhanced productivity using scientific management principles, ergonomics, and advanced software like NASTRAN, which allows for efficient design and analysis of aerospace systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
At Northrop Grumman, a technique that likely contributed to scientists and engineers being more productive would involve the application of scientific management principles and the study of human factors psychology (also known as ergonomics). This approach focuses on enhancing the fit between technology and its human users to improve productivity and efficiency in industrial settings. To ensure the best possible machine-human fit, Northrop Grumman may also incorporate advanced software tools, such as those developed in collaboration with NASA, for tasks like real-time data management and computer-aided design and analysis.
For instance, the use of NASA's Structural Analysis Program (NASTRAN) for designing, testing, and analyzing parts could streamline their engineering processes. This software enables a detailed analysis before prototyping begins, thereby saving time and resources in the development of aerospace systems.
In addition to advanced software, production techniques like the assembly line, which was popularized by Ford, could have been adapted and improved upon at Northrop Grumman to increase productivity by simplifying tasks and reducing the labor necessary for production processes.