Final answer:
Fundamentalism is a religious viewpoint that believes in the literal interpretation of biblical events. It is a response to societal changes brought about by urbanization and the shift away from traditional values.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fundamentalism is a religious viewpoint that believes in the literal interpretation of biblical events. It is based on the belief that everything described in the Bible happened exactly as written. In the United States, urbanization and the shift away from traditional values led to the rise of fundamentalist beliefs. These beliefs were a response to the perceived threat posed by societal changes.