Final answer:
The Enlightenment ideas present in the scenario are social contract (John Locke), separation of powers (Montesquieu), and reason and science (Voltaire). These thinkers' contributions have profoundly influenced the establishment and function of democratic governments, emphasizing individual rights, the balance of power within governments, and the use of reason in societal matters.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scenario in question seems to reflect numerous Enlightenment ideas, particularly those of social contract, separation of powers, and the emphasis on reason and science. The thinkers associated with each of these concepts include John Locke, who is known for his theories on the social contract and natural rights; Baron de Montesquieu, who advocated for the separation of powers in government; and Voltaire, a proponent of the use of reason and science to understand and improve the world.
John Locke's influence is evident through the idea that government authority lies in the consent of the governed, encapsulated in the United States Declaration of Independence and other foundational democratic documents. Locke argued for the protection of life, liberty, and property, and maintained that a government should serve the people by preserving their natural rights.
Baron de Montesquieu's principle of separation of powers was designed to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful by introducing a system of checks and balances. This principle significantly influenced the structure of the United States government as laid out in the Constitution.
Voltaire's emphasis on reason and science influenced the Enlightenment's challenge to traditional authority and superstition. He was a strong advocate for individual freedom of thought and expression, which are fundamental to democratic societies.