Final answer:
The central idea revolves around the theme of resistance to unjust laws and empowerment through education. The character transitions from a state of confusion to decisive action, aiming to defy and rectify unjust laws.
Step-by-step explanation:
The central idea of the excerpt suggests a theme of resistance to unjust laws and the power of education as a catalyst for change. The character begins by feeling overwhelmed due to constant teasing and complaints, which leads to a realization of the necessity to act against what is perceived as unjust. This realization motivates the character to take active measures, indicating a shift from passive observation to active engagement. The repeated references to cutting out unjust laws and the importance of seizing the first opportunity for action underscore the theme of defiance against oppressive or unfair systems. Furthermore, the final passage reflects on the influence of education, as learning the alphabet is seen as the first step towards liberation, with the 'inch' given leading inexorably to the taking of 'ell', symbolizing the transformation of knowledge into empowerment.