Final answer:
The kinetic energy of objects compared to a 100 kg ball traveling at 5 m/s depends on their masses. A 1,000 kg ball at the same speed has 10 times more energy, a 10 kg ball has one-tenth the energy, and a 100 kg person falling at the same speed has the same kinetic energy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks us to compare the predicted change in kinetic energy of various objects in comparison to a 100 kg ball traveling at 5 m/s. Kinetic energy is calculated using the formula KE = 0.5 × m × v2, where KE is kinetic energy, m is mass in kilograms, and v is velocity in meters per second.
For the first scenario: A 1,000 kg ball at 5 m/s will have 10 times more kinetic energy compared to the 100 kg ball because kinetic energy is directly proportional to the mass when the velocity is constant. In numbers, KE = 0.5 × 1,000 kg × (5 m/s)2 = 12,500 J, while the 100 kg ball's KE = 0.5 × 100 kg × (5 m/s)2 = 1,250 J.
For the second scenario: A 10 kg ball at 5 m/s will have one-tenth the kinetic energy of the 100 kg ball, so its kinetic energy is KE = 0.5 × 10 kg × (5 m/s)2 = 125 J.
Finally, a 100 kg person falling at 5 m/s would have the same kinetic energy as the original 100 kg ball since they have the same mass and velocity, hence KE = 0.5 × 100 kg × (5 m/s)2 = 1,250 J.