Final answer:
The Industrial Revolution began around 1750 in Great Britain and was a period of significant economic and industrial change. It was driven by new technologies such as the steam engine and power loom, which created new job opportunities and led to population growth and the rise of the middle class.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Industrial Revolution did not start in a specific year; rather, it was a gradual process of economic and industrial changes that took place. According to historians, it is often characterized as beginning around 1750 and lasting until about 1830. It started in Great Britain due to a combination of factors including slavery-based societies, favorable demographics, established global trading routes, and standardized trading institutions. Once underway, the Industrial Revolution led to the development of new technologies like the steam engine, power loom, and steam locomotive, which significantly increased production and efficiency.
The Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on Europe's population and employment opportunities. Agricultural advancements led to an increased food supply, which improved living standards, and new job opportunities emerged due to the growth of factories and urban centers. Populations swelled, and the middle class saw significant growth as consumer goods became more accessible and affordable. This era marked the transition to a new machine-driven economy and set the stage for modern industrial society.