Final answer:
The New Jersey Plan proposed at the Constitutional Convention suggested equal representation for states in a unicameral legislature, which was countered by the Great Compromise leading to a bicameral Congress with the Senate and House of Representatives.
Step-by-step explanation:
The plan proposed at the Constitutional Convention that called for the same number of representatives per state is known as the New Jersey Plan. This was introduced as an alternative to the Virginia Plan, which was based on proportional representation. The New Jersey Plan argued for equal representation of the states in a unicameral legislature, where all states, regardless of size, would have the same number of votes. This approach aimed at giving smaller states a voice equal to that of larger states. However, this plan was ultimately rejected in favor of the Great Compromise, which led to the current structure of Congress, with two chambers: the Senate, providing equal representation to states with two senators each, and the House of Representatives, where representation is based on the population of each state.