Final answer:
The creation of initiative, referendum, and recall procedures during the Progressive Era expanded citizens' direct participation in the democratic process by allowing them to propose laws, reject or approve legislation, and remove officials from office.
Step-by-step explanation:
The creation of initiative, referendum, and recall procedures during the Progressive Era resulted in "B) the expansion of citizens' direct participation in the democratic process." These mechanisms allowed voters more control over the legislative process, enabling them to propose and enact legislation through initiatives, approve or reject laws through referendums, and, when necessary, remove elected officials from office through recalls. Such reforms were part of a broader movement to make government more responsive and accountable to the public and were seen as a way to circumvent the influence special interests had in state legislatures and to foster a more direct form of democracy.