Final answer:
The term referring to the process where labor and management follow the ruling of an outside person is 'c. arbitration'. It's used when unions and management can't agree and need a neutral party to decide.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of labor and management following the ruling of an outside person is known as c. arbitration. This occurs when labor unions and management can't come to an agreement through collective bargaining. An arbitrator is brought in as a neutral third party to make a binding decision. Examples of this include the government stepping in during the 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike to provide arbitration, leading to a compromise between striking coal miners and management, or the use of the Taft-Hartley Act to help negotiate a settlement between longshoremen and port operators. The labor negotiation process, including the use of arbitration, is a key component of labor unions' strategies to improve working conditions and wages for workers.