Final answer:
Theoretical velocity refers to expected velocity based on calculations, while actual velocity is the measured velocity. The conversion of potential energy (PE) to kinetic energy (KE) can be differentiated by calculating the PE and predicting the KE. Theoretical velocity is determined using the predicted KE, while actual velocity is measured using the time taken for the object to fall.
Step-by-step explanation:
Theoretical velocity refers to the expected velocity of a falling object based on calculations and predictions. Actual velocity, on the other hand, refers to the measured velocity of the object in real-world situations. When an object falls, its gravitational potential energy (PE) is converted into kinetic energy (KE). The theoretical and actual velocities of PE and KE can be differentiated as follows:
- Calculate the potential energy (PE) of the object before it is dropped using the formula PE = mgh, where m is the mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height.
- Predict the kinetic energy (KE) and velocity of the object when it lands using the equation PE = KE, which implies mgh = 1/2mv^2. Solve for v to find the theoretical velocity.
- Measure the time it takes for the object to fall and calculate the actual velocity using the formula v = d/t, where d is the distance the object falls and t is the time taken.
- Compare the theoretical velocity with the actual velocity to determine any differences.