Final answer:
In science, ensuring reliability involves designing an experiment with a single independent variable to test a specific theory, meticulously collecting and analyzing data, and clearly communicating results to allow replication and verification by the scientific community.
Step-by-step explanation:
Scientists ensure reliable results by carefully designing and conducting investigations. The design of an experiment is critical to obtaining valid data. Investigation design must be precise, with a clear distinction between the independent variable—the one that is changed or manipulated—and the dependent variable—the one being measured or observed. It is essential to have only one independent variable to isolate its effects on the dependent variable without interference from other variables.
During an investigation, data collection should be accurate and systematic. Scientific equipment needs to be used correctly to measure results reliably. Once data is collected, analysis interprets the results, using methods like tables, graphs, or statistical calculations. Scientists then draw conclusions based on this data to determine the validity of their hypothesis.
Communicating results is a vital step, wherein scientists describe their methods and any potential issues encountered during the investigation. Sharing findings allows others in the scientific community to replicate the experiments, which is essential for verification and contributes to the body of scientific knowledge. Replication adds credence to a hypothesis or indicates a need for revision if results differ.