Final answer:
Many Chinese immigrants engaged in manual labor, including building the Transcontinental Railroad, after the gold rush. The Roman Catholic Church was the stable institution following Rome's fall, preserving culture and providing continuity.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the gold rush ended, many Chinese immigrants found employment in various manual labor occupations. Despite facing severe discrimination and overcoming grueling work conditions, they contributed significantly to major infrastructure projects. Notably, they took on jobs such as the building of the Transcontinental Railroad, where Chinese labor was instrumental in laying rails across the difficult terrain of the Sierra Nevada mountains. Other sectors where Chinese immigrants worked included mining and agricultural work. These opportunities, however challenging, were a testament to the immigrants' resilience and drive to support their families.
As for the second question, the stable institution remaining after the fall of Rome was the Roman Catholic Church. It became the central organization that preserved various aspects of Roman culture, learning, and authority amid the political fragmentation and social change that characterized the early medieval period in Europe. The Church played a critical role in maintaining a semblance of societal order and intellectual life throughout this tumultuous period.