Final answer:
Pope Urban II's speech at Clermont aimed to motivate people to join the First Crusade using persuasive techniques such as religious duty and promises of spiritual merit, and these techniques are still used by public speakers today.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Pope Urban II delivered his speech at the Council of Clermont in 1095, he did so to inspire a sense of religious duty and urgency among the people of Europe for an 'armed pilgrimage' aimed at liberating the Holy Land. His speech utilized a variety of persuasive techniques, including appeals to religious duty, promises of spiritual benefit, and a call to end internal violence among Christians. Later figures, like Peter the Hermit, would even advocate immediate action without preparation, emphasizing the urgency and spiritual necessity of the endeavor. Pope Urban also sought to unify the church and protect Christian lands, showing the intersection of religious zeal and political necessity in the call for the First Crusade.
Modern public speakers still employ similar methods of persuasion that Pope Urban utilized, such as stirring emotions with tales of past glories, invoking pity for suffering people, and urging unification for a common cause.