Final answer:
Speed is the option that uses a derived SI unit measurement, defined as meters per second (m/s), which is a combination of the SI base units for length and time.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, speed uses a derived SI unit measurement. Derived SI units are combinations of the seven SI base units, which include units for length (meter), time (second), and mass (kilogram). Speed is defined as the rate of change of distance with respect to time, and its SI unit is meters per second (m/s), thus making it a derived unit. In contrast, time, distance, and mass are considered base quantities with their respective base units in the SI system: the second for time, the meter for distance, and the kilogram for mass. Speed, being a ratio of the base units meter and second, is a canonical example of a derived unit.