Final answer:
Lenin's writings were more effective than Bernstein's in fulfilling the functions of ideology by inspiring action, providing a clear vision, and unifying adherents, which shaped the Soviet state and influenced international communism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Comparing Eduard Bernstein and Vladimir Lenin in the context of their writings and their effectiveness in performing the four functions of ideology as outlined by Ball and Dagger requires examining their distinct approaches to socialism. Bernstein advocated for revisionism, promoting gradual reforms to improve workers' conditions within the existing capitalist framework. In contrast, Lenin emphasized revolution, seeking to dismantle the capitalist system and implement a socialist one. Bernstein's moderate stance focused on immediate practical changes, while Lenin's writings were more aligned with the need to inspire and guide action, clarify socialist goals, provide a normative vision for the future, and unify adherents. Despite Bernstein's pragmatic approach, Lenin's ideological function may be considered more effective in historical context, given the way he shaped the direction of the Soviet state and the international communist movement.
Lenin's works were not only key ideological tools during his lifetime but continued to guide the Soviet Union long after his death, as evidenced by the establishment of the Lenin Institute in 1924 to preserve his writings and by the homage paid to him as a revolutionary leader. Lenin's writings were used to attract and organize followers, while Bernstein's works lacked the same transformative and unifying influence. Stalin's later promotion of Lenin's ideology over Bernstein's revisionism, and the widespread dissemination of Lenin's works, further highlight Lenin's effectiveness in the role of ideology.