Question

If a study utilizes a simple random sampling method, that means each member of the population of interest was equally likely to be selected as a study participant.

A.True
B.False
Sensitivity and specificity are both forms of conditional probability.
A.True
B.False
The probability of an individual developing prostate cancer is independent of the sex of the individual.
A.True
B.False
A clinical trial studying the effects of a new antibiotic, which is suspected to be a curative treatment for drug-resistant syphilis, is likely to demonstrate a binomial distribution.
A.True
B.False
A test used to measure the concentration of inflammatory markers in an individual's blood is being researched. Assuming the test quantifies the concentration of the inflammatory markers in the blood and there are an infinite number of outcome possibilities, a study would likely demonstrate that the inflammatory markers for the population follow a normal or non-normal distribution pattern, depending on the results obtained from the study.
A.True
B.False

Answer 1

When performing a hypothesis test on matched or paired samples, two measurements are drawn from the same pair of individuals or objects, and the two sample means are compared to each other. The probability of an individual developing prostate cancer is dependent on their sex. A clinical trial studying the effects of a new antibiotic is likely to demonstrate a binomial distribution if the outcome being measured is binary. A test used to measure the concentration of inflammatory markers in an individual's blood is likely to follow a normal distribution if there are an infinite number of possible outcomes and if the concentrations of inflammatory markers in the population are continuous.

Step-by-step explanation:

When performing a hypothesis test on matched or paired samples, two measurements are drawn from the same pair of individuals or objects and the two sample means are compared to each other. Therefore, answer choice (D) is correct. Sample sizes can be small or large, so answer choice (A) is incorrect. However, when using matched or paired samples, sample sizes are often small because the same individuals or objects are measured twice. Therefore, answer choice (A) is partially correct. Sensitivity and specificity are both measures of diagnostic accuracy and are not forms of conditional probability. Therefore, answer choice (B) is incorrect. The probability of an individual developing prostate cancer is dependent on their sex, as males are at a higher risk for developing prostate cancer compared to females. Therefore, answer choice (B) is correct. A clinical trial studying the effects of a new antibiotic is likely to demonstrate a binomial distribution if the outcome being measured is a binary outcome (e.g., success or failure). Therefore, answer choice (A) is correct. A test used to measure the concentration of inflammatory markers in an individual's blood is likely to follow a normal distribution if there are an infinite number of possible outcomes and if the concentrations of inflammatory markers in the population are continuous. Therefore, answer choice (B) is correct.