Final answer:
The statement about the one-group post-test only design for studying online gamers at 10:00 pm cannot be definitively classified as true or false without additional context. In general, experimentation, including with control groups similar to test groups and larger sample sizes, can be conducted on humans within ethical guidelines.
Step-by-step explanation:
True or false: In an experimental study of online gamers present at 10:00 pm, the researcher selected gamers for a one-group post-test only design. The question as phrased is ambiguous and does not allow for a definitive true or false response. This is because it lacks context regarding whether this method was indeed the one used in the study. For purposes of illustration, if the study design was truly as described, the statement could be true. A one-group post-test only design means that the researcher observes a single group of subjects after some intervention or event has occurred, in this case being present online at 10:00 pm, without a pre-test or control group for comparison.
Researchers often use a control group that is identical to the test group except for the one variable that is being tested; this helps to attribute any differences in outcomes to the variable of interest rather than to other factors. Larger sample sizes in scientific experiments are also beneficial as they generally provide more accurate and reliable results than smaller ones.
Experiments can be conducted on humans, provided they meet ethical guidelines and receive approval from institutional review boards (IRBs). The ethical concerns and consent process are crucial when dealing with human subjects. Experimentation allows scientists to make cause-and-effect claims, but it is important to note that data that does not support a hypothesis is still useful as it can provide insights that may lead to new hypotheses and understandings.